La influencia del trauma complejo infantil en el apego adulto: breve revisión actualizada
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Balaguer Albarracín, Rebeca
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Casas, María Carmen
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Abstract
La Teoría del Apego intenta explicar el efecto del vínculo con la figura del cuidador
primario y las experiencias tempranas de dicha naturaleza. En el caso de que estas
fueran de carácter aversivo y el niño no tuviera recursos, podrían derivar en traumas
que le afectarían en sus diferentes contextos. Esto resulta interesante para la
comprensión de ciertos patrones relacionales en los adultos, así como, la creación de
programas de prevención e intervención. Con ello, se pretendería brindar un cambio
positivo que genere comportamientos más sanos con los demás y con uno mismo,
minimizando así el alto nivel de sufrimiento. De este modo, el presente trabajo tiene
como objetivo conocer cuáles serían las tendencias de apego en un adulto que ha
experimentado trauma complejo durante su etapa infantil y si estas son duraderas a lo
largo de su vida. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática bajo el método
PRISMA del material publicado sobre el trauma complejo en el niño y su impacto en
el apego adulto. El total de material encontrado mediante la ecuación de búsqueda fue
de 647, de los cuales se ha considerado estudiar 41 entre la búsqueda sistémica y la
manual. Los resultados muestran relaciones positivas entre el trauma complejo y el
desarrollo de un estilo de apego concreto, siendo el de tipo inseguro desorganizado, que
además se mantiene generalmente estable en la edad adulta. Asimismo, una figura de
resiliencia podría modificar este estilo de apego adulto hacia tendencias más seguras y
adaptativas.
The Attachment Theory tries to explain the effect of the bond with the figure of the primary caregiver and the early experiences of this nature. In the event that these were of an aversive nature and the child didn’t have resources, they could lead to traumas that would affect them in their different contexts. This is interesting for the understanding of certain relational patterns in adults, as well as the creation of prevention and intervention programs. With this, it would be intended to provide a positive change that generates healthier behaviours with others and with oneself, thus minimizing the high level of suffering. In this way, the present work aims to know what the attachment tendencies would be in an adult who has experienced complex trauma during his childhood and if these are durable throughout his life. For this, a systematic review has been carried out using the PRISMA method of the published material on complex trauma in children and its impact on adult attachment. The total material found through the search equation was 647, of which 41 have been considered to be studied between the systemic and manual search. The results show positive relationships between complex trauma and the development of a specific attachment style, being the disorganized insecure type, which also remains generally stable in adulthood. Likewise, a resilience figure could modify this adult attachment style towards more secure and adaptive tendencies.
The Attachment Theory tries to explain the effect of the bond with the figure of the primary caregiver and the early experiences of this nature. In the event that these were of an aversive nature and the child didn’t have resources, they could lead to traumas that would affect them in their different contexts. This is interesting for the understanding of certain relational patterns in adults, as well as the creation of prevention and intervention programs. With this, it would be intended to provide a positive change that generates healthier behaviours with others and with oneself, thus minimizing the high level of suffering. In this way, the present work aims to know what the attachment tendencies would be in an adult who has experienced complex trauma during his childhood and if these are durable throughout his life. For this, a systematic review has been carried out using the PRISMA method of the published material on complex trauma in children and its impact on adult attachment. The total material found through the search equation was 647, of which 41 have been considered to be studied between the systemic and manual search. The results show positive relationships between complex trauma and the development of a specific attachment style, being the disorganized insecure type, which also remains generally stable in adulthood. Likewise, a resilience figure could modify this adult attachment style towards more secure and adaptive tendencies.


