Artículos científicos

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12466/19

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La Tasa Anual Equivalente en los contratos de crédito inmobiliario
(2022-01) Nieto Carol, Ubaldo
En este trabajo se estudia la tasa anual equivalente en los contratos de crédito inmobiliario regulados por la Ley 5/2019, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de los contratos de crédito inmobiliario. Como es sabido, esta Ley transpone a este respecto la Directiva 2014/17/UE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 4 de febrero de 2014, sobre los contratos de crédito celebrados con los consumidores para bienes inmuebles de uso residencial. Pero esta, a su vez, sigue la línea marcada por la Directiva 87/102/CEE del Consejo, de 22 de diciembre de 1986, relativa a la aproximación de las disposiciones legales, reglamentarias y administrativas de los Estados Miembros en materia de crédito al consumo aunque con alguna modificación. Se analiza su cálculo y los supuestos básicos para hacerlo posible
Perfil multidimensional de aptitud física en estudiantes universitarios: estudio transversal de velocidad, potencia y flexibilidad
(2026-07) Martín Ruiz, Julio; Ruiz Sanchis, Laura
En actividades deportivas, la valoración integral del rendimiento en velocidad requiere considerar múltiples dimensiones neuromusculares y funcionales. El presente estudio analiza cómo el perfil multidimensional (velocidad de aceleración, potencia de salto, capacidad postural y movilidad articular) se relaciona en población universitaria activa, considerando las diferencias por sexo y composición corporal. Participaron 54 universitarios (13 mujeres, 41 hombres) de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte de la Universidad Católica de Valencia en un protocolo que incluyó pruebas antropométricas, tests de movilidad articular (Thomas modificado, Biering-Sørensen), saltos verticales (SJ, CMJ, Abalakov), índice elástico y una aceleración de 30 metros. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva, comparaciones por sexo ( t de Welch, U de Mann-Whitney, Hedges g ), correlaciones de Spearman, análisis de componentes principales y regresión lineal múltiple por sexo e IMC. Los hombres mostraron significativamente mejor rendimiento en sprint y saltos ( p < 0.001, Hedges g = 2.226). El tiempo de 30 metros se asoció inversamente con CMJ y SJ ( ρ = -0.627 y ρ = -0.638, p < 0.001). La regresión lineal mostró que CMJ y SJ explicaban el 54.9% y 55.8% de la varianza del sprint respectivamente (R² ajustado ≥ 0.532), manteniendo significación tras ajuste por sexo e IMC. El índice elástico no mostró asociación significativa con el rendimiento. El estudio muestra la importancia de integrar múltiples pruebas de campo para caracterizar el perfil físico multidimensional en universitarios, destacando la potencia de salto como predictor del rendimiento en sprint, con diferencias importantes entre sexos que deben considerarse en evaluación física.
Capacidad y legitimación para requerir el acta notarial del artículo 203 de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital
(2024-12) Nieto Carol, Ubaldo
Este trabajo estudia la capacidad y legitimación para requerir el acta notarial de junta general como medio privilegiado y, en algunos casos, necesario de acreditación de la voluntad social. Para ello se concretan previamente los conceptos de capacidad y legitimación. Este juicio de capacidad corresponde en exclusiva al Notario.Tras analizar los requisitos generales de todo requerimiento de presencia en junta se distinguen claramente los supuestos de requerimiento voluntario y obligatorio por el órgano de administración y los requisitos de uno y otro tras el análisis del artículo 203 de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital. También se analizan otros supuestos de requerimiento realizado por personas distintas de los administradores. Este trabajo estudia la capacidad y legitimación para requerir el acta notarial de junta general como medio privilegiado y, en algunos casos, necesario de acreditación de la voluntad social. Para ello se concretan previamente los conceptos de capacidad y legitimación. Este juicio de capacidad corresponde en exclusiva al Notario.Tras analizar los requisitos generales de todo requerimiento de presencia en junta se distinguen claramente los supuestos de requerimiento voluntario y obligatorio por el órgano de administración y los requisitos de uno y otro tras el análisis del artículo 203 de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital. También se analizan otros supuestos de requerimiento realizado por personas distintas de los administradores.
Classification and QSAR of the anticancer activity of (E)-stilbenes
(2026-06-16) Torrens, Francisco; León, Adela; Castillo-Garit, Juan A.; Castellano Estornell, Gloria
In the present report 29 (E)-stilbenes are clustered by using a procedure based on artificial intelligence. The objective is to predict cytotoxicity (anticancer activities) of them and other similar stilbenes in nine cell lines. We make a periodic classification of stilbenes by using the information entropy theory to select the most active classes. The structures of seven different classes are obtained. The most active Class 1 is located at the bottom right of the periodic classification. We provide new compounds that would also have high activity because they are in the bottom-right groups. Moreover, we relate stilbenes' cytotoxicity in the cell lines to their physical and chemical properties by QSAR and PCA. The scores plot separates clusters that contain classes in the periodic system. The results of the nine QSAR models are good with r(2) greater than 0.57 and show the repetition of most variables for all the nine cell lines. The leave-m-out cross-validation determines the good robustness for the cell lines (q(2) > 0.33). These results agree with the loading plot and suggest the importance of these descriptors in further studies of other cell lines.
A Fully Automated Pipeline for Vertebral Structural Assessment From Medical Images. Application Under Metastatic Conditions.
(2026-07) Gandia-Vañó, B.; Navarro-Jiménez, J. M.; Ródenas, J. J.; Nadal Soriano, Enrique; Arana Fernández de Moya, Estanislao
Spinal bone metastases often lead to vertebral fractures and other skeletal events that severely affect patients' quality of life. Predicting structural failure is essential for guiding treatment and preventing complications. However, conventional assessment tools have limited predictive power, highlighting the need for computational methods capable of simulating disease progression and its mechanical consequences. This study aimed to develop a fully automated, patient-specific methodology to predict vertebral structural behavior from computed tomography (CT) data, supporting clinical decision-making and treatment planning. The proposed pipeline integrates three main components: a deep neural network for semantic segmentation of vertebrae and metastatic regions from CT scans, the Coherent Point Drift (CPD) algorithm to ensure consistent alignment and automated definition of boundary conditions across datasets, and the Cartesian Grid Finite Element Method (cgFEM) to simulate the vertebral mechanical response under metastatic involvement. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the predicted outcomes with reference data, using precision, sensitivity, and specificity to assess reliability. The proposed workflow achieved full automation from CT imaging to fracture risk estimation. The segmentation module showed high accuracy across multiple metrics, enabling robust model generation. Geometric normalization and CPD-based boundary condition assignment standardized vertebral geometries across studies, while cgFEM simulations provided clinically interpretable metrics such as safety factors and stability variations associated with tumor size, location, and density. These analyses enabled the identification of scenarios linked to a higher fracture risk. The main limitations include the use of fixed boundary conditions and a predefined voxel threshold, which may reduce physiological realism and generate false positives. Overall, this work presents an end-to-end, patient-specific framework for automated fracture risk evaluation in metastatic vertebrae. By combining deep-learning-based segmentation, geometric normalization, CPD alignment, and cgFEM simulations, the method produces clinically relevant outputs that can guide therapeutic strategies. Future developments will focus on integrating patient-specific loading data and predictive modeling to support incorporation into clinical decision support systems.
The Voice of Families: Perceptions of Family-Centred Practices and Natural Environments in Early Intervention in Spain
(2025-08-14) Montano-Merchan, Monica; Sanz Ponce, José Roberto; Padilla Bautista, Laura; Calero Plaza, Joana
Highlights What are the main findings? Coexistence of the traditional clinical model and the model based on routines and natural environments. Families' request for more personalized models, where decision-making responsibility is shared. What is the implication of the main finding? The need to modify the intervention model and gradually introduce models based on routines and natural environments. The need to involve families in the support and decision-making process.Highlights What are the main findings? Coexistence of the traditional clinical model and the model based on routines and natural environments. Families' request for more personalized models, where decision-making responsibility is shared. What is the implication of the main finding? The need to modify the intervention model and gradually introduce models based on routines and natural environments. The need to involve families in the support and decision-making process.Abstract The family-centred Early Intervention model based on routines and natural environments has been widely supported by international evidence in recent decades. Within this framework, Family-Centred Practices (FCP) and their development in natural environments have emerged as an evidence-based intervention model of reference, promoting parental empowerment, shared decision-making, and functional intervention through daily routines. However, its effective implementation in real contexts presents multiple challenges, especially from the perspective of families receiving the service. Background/Objectives: This study explores the experiences, meanings, and assessments of Spanish families with children who have disabilities or developmental difficulties in relation to the application of these professional practices. This study is carried out in the Spanish context, since Campus Capacitas (Campus Capacitas-Catholic University of Valencia, Spain) has been implementing, in recent years, the family-centred model as a model of early intervention. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative methodology was used. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and discussion groups with 30 families from the 17 Spanish autonomous communities. Data analysis was carried out through thematic coding following criteria of qualitative rigour such as triangulation and theoretical saturation. Results: The findings show a significant gap between the theoretical model of family-centred practices and their practical application. Families who have experienced a clinical model criticise the absence of personalised intervention, unidirectional communication, as well as lack of participation in decision-making. In that sense, it is the different specialists of the early intervention team who are responsible for making intervention decisions. Therefore, these families demand more emotional and educational support. On the other hand, other families report positive experiences associated with collaborative, transdisciplinary, and home-based models based on a family-centred model. Conclusions: The results highlight the urgent need to move towards early intervention that strengthens the active role of families, promotes professional co-responsibility, and adapts to real child development environments, in line with international recommendations. Regarding future lines of research, we are committed to the development of longitudinal studies on the sustainable effects of interventions centred on families and on the global development of children and families. To carry out comparative studies between autonomous communities, to assess the influence of regulatory factors and regional resources on the practices implemented, as well as to carry out triangulation studies of the professional practices implemented, incorporating the perspectives of professionals and other intervention agents to enrich the analysis.
Cambio climático y migraciones: Una aproximación Delphi en la búsqueda del consenso
(2026-07-01) Cloquell Lozano, Alexis; Felipe Pérez, Beatriz; Lacomba Vázquez, Joan; Perelló Carrascosa, María Isolda
Los análisis sobre la influencia de los impactos negativos del cambio climático en las migraciones han aumentado en los últimos años. Sin embargo, existen grandes lagunas y posiciones disonantes. El objetivo del presente artículo es conocer el grado de consenso entre la comunidad científica en torno a las migraciones inducidas por el cambio climático, analizando los discursos generados a través del método Delphi. El estudio aborda los discursos en torno a los vínculos entre migraciones y cambio climático, el papel de la migración como estrategia de adaptación y las políticas públicas de cooperación y desarrollo. Concluimos que la investigación sobre cambio climático y migraciones todavía no ha logrado alcanzar suficiente consenso, debido al carácter relativamente reciente de la discusión, pero también a la escasez de investigación empírica y a la dificultad de establecer diálogo entre diferentes disciplinas, lo que habría condicionado un limitado desarrollo de políticas públicas.
Digital Divides in Older People: Assessment of Digital Competencies and Proposals for Meaningful Inclusion
(2025-09-26) González García, Rómulo Jacobo; Sanz Ponce, José Roberto; Fernández Piqueras, Rocio; Calero Plaza, Joana
Background: Currently, population aging and the growing incorporation of digital technologies into everyday life highlight the need to ensure the digital inclusion of older adults. This is due to the existence of a significant digital divide that affects this population group, limiting not only their access to services and opportunities but also their emotional well-being and quality of life. The lack of digital skills can generate feelings of exclusion, frustration, and dependence, negatively impacting their mental health and autonomy. Methods: The objective of this study is to assess the level of basic digital competence in 404 older adults using the Scale of Basic Digital Competence in Older Adults (DigCompB_PM) in order to identify existing digital divides and provide empirical evidence for the design of educational interventions that promote the digital inclusion of this population group. To this end, we start with the following research question: Are older adults prepared to face the digital and knowledge society, taking into account personal variables such as age, gender, geographical location, place of residence, and type of cohabitation? Results: The findings reveal that participants scored highest in the dimension related to safety and digital device usage while scoring lowest in online collaboration, indicating a disparity between basic digital skills and collaborative competencies. Cluster analysis further demonstrates that age and previous occupational experience significantly influence digital literacy levels. These results highlight the heterogeneity of digital competence among older adults. Conclusions: The study concludes by emphasising the importance of implementing tailored policies that enhance digital literacy in this population. Key factors such as accessibility, training, and motivation should guide such efforts. Additionally, intergenerational learning emerges as a promising strategy, facilitating the development of digital skills through knowledge exchange and sustained support from younger cohorts.
Discrepancies and associations among chronological age, dental age, and cervical vertebral maturation in growing orthodontic patients: A cross-sectional study in a Spanish orthodontic clinical sample.
(2026-06-29) Galán López, Lidia; Liceras-Viñoles, Rita; Sanz-Orrio-Soler, Icíar; Guinot-Barona, Clara; García-Miralles, Esther; Aura-Tormos, Juan Ignacio
Biological maturation varies substantially among children of the same chronological age, which may affect growth-based orthodontic decisions. In this cross-sectional study, 120 patients aged 8 to 16 years were evaluated using routine orthodontic diagnostic records. Chronological age was compared with dental age estimated using the Nolla and Demirjian methods, and skeletal maturation was assessed using cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS). Associations with sex, BMI, BMI-for-age z-score, and menarcheal status in females were examined. Both dental methods systematically overestimated chronological age. Mean discrepancies were +0.59 years for the Nolla method (95% CI: 0.39-0.79; Cohen's dz = 0.52) and +1.09 years for the Demirjian method (95% CI: 0.87-1.31; Cohen's dz = 0.89) (both P < 0.001). Female participants exhibited a higher proportion of pubertal and postpubertal CVMS than males (Cramer's V = 0.41; P < 0.001), although sex differences in dental age discrepancies were small (Cohen's d ≤ 0.14). BMI and BMI-for-age z-scores were positively correlated with dental age discrepancies (ρ = 0.27-0.31) and CVMS stage (ρ = 0.35-0.36) (all P ≤ 0.003), indicating small-to-moderate associations. Menarcheal status was not significantly associated with CVMS (P = 0.727) or dental age discrepancies (P > 0.05). Chronological age alone provides an incomplete estimate of biological maturation. Dental age estimation and CVM assessment offer complementary but nonequivalent information, and their interpretation should consider sex and basic anthropometric context.
Microplastic extraction method optimisation in solid marine matrices, to preserve integrity and polymer recovery
(2026-11) Martínez-Vales, C.; Acevedo Quilis, S.; Gamez-Perez, J.; Tena Medialdea, José; García March, José Rafael; Hernández Martínez, Ana María
The development of effective methodologies for extracting microplastics from marine matrices is key for designing appropriate measures to reduce and mitigate their effects. The diversity of protocols developed shows problems and limitations that hinder the comparability and reproducibility of the results obtained in different studies. The aim of the present study is to optimise an efficient method for the extraction and isolation of microplastics from solid marine matrices without causing polymer degradation. Three solutions were evaluated for the digestion of organic matrices (10% KOH, 15% H2O2, 35% HNO3) and three salts were tested for the density separation of microplastics from sediments (NaCl, ZnCl2, NaI). The potential chemical degradation associated with both steps was monitored using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that digestion of organic matrices with 10% KOH at 60 ◦C for 24 h, combined with density separation using a 30% ZnCl2 solution in water, was optimal and did not compromise polymer integrity. The optimised method was subsequently applied to sediment samples and holothurian digestive tracts collected from a coastal area in Calpe (Alicante, Spain). Holothurians accumulated microplastics, with the highest abundances in the 1–500 μm and 500–1000 μm size ranges. Sediment samples exhibited greater quantities in the 500–1000 μm and 1000–1500 μm fractions. Overall, 95% of the recovered microplastics were identified using a Raman spectral database created during the optimization protocol. The new optimised protocol offers a robust and polymer-preserving approach for the extraction and characterisation of microplastics from solid marine matrices, facilitating more reliable assessments of microplastic pollution in coastal environments.
Predicting Resilience in Nursing Auxiliary Care Technicians Students: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Self Compassion
(2025-01-01) Gutiérrez Moret, Margarita; Mayordomo Rodríguez, Teresa; Catret Mascarell, María
To meet the high demand for quality healthcare, it is crucial to have professionals capable of responding to the complexity of their daily tasks. In this regard, resilience, understood as the human capacity to adapt to difficult situations, has emerged as a key factor for nursing personnel. However, research on how to teach resilience to this professional group is still limited. Exploring the relationship between resilience and other socio-emotional variables, for which there is more evidence of their effectiveness in training, may be interesting for developing educational proposals that enhance resilience. This study aims to explore the predictive value of Emotional Intelligence and Self-compassion regarding resilience in a sample of Nursing Auxiliary Care Technicians students. To achieve this, data were collected from 196 participants enrolled in vocational training programs through self-administered questionnaires using validated scales such as the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS; Salovey et al., 1995), the Brief Resilience Coping Scale (BRCS, Sinclair & Wallston, 2004; adapted for the Spanish population by Tomás et al., 2012), and the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF, García-Campayo et al., 2014; Raes et al., 2011). A structural equation model (SEM) was applied using the EQS 6.2 software to analyze the relationships between these variables. The results show that Emotional Intelligence predicts Resilience through Self-compassion. These findings suggest that incorporating Emotional Intelligence and Self-compassion training into nursing education could strengthen students' resilience and better prepare them for the challenges of the profession. The practical implications of these findings highlight the potential for educational programs to include targeted socio-emotional training, offering Nursing Auxiliary Care Technicians students tools that not only enhance their professional performance but also contribute to their well-being.
Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 y el confinamiento estricto de la población en la incidencia de fractura de cadera en Españaa. Una revisión sistemática
(2023) Miranda Gómez, Ignacio; Ferrás-Tarragó, Joan; Colado, Javier; Sangüesa-Nebot, María José; Doménech, Julio
Antecedentes y objetivo: Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, en España se decretó un confinamiento estricto de la población. Ante una situación de crisis sanitaria y de saturación del sistema sanitario resulta de gran importancia para la correcta gestión de recursos y de procesos el conocimiento de las enfermedades cuyo tratamiento no es demorable. El objetivo fue conocer la influencia de la pandemia por COVID-19y del confinamiento estricto de la población en la incidencia de fractura de cadera en España. Material y método: Revisión sistemática siguiendo las guías PRISMA. Búsqueda en Pubmed y CochraneLibrary el 11/11/2022: hip fracture AND COVID-19 AND Spain. Resultados: Cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 6 estudios, el 50% mostraron un descenso en la incidencia de fracturas de cadera durante el confinamiento estricto (todos en hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid),y en el otro 50% no hubo diferencias (todos en hospitales de otras comunidades autónomas). Es constante que las fracturas de cadera, o no disminuyeron, o disminuyeron mucho menos que el resto de fracturas durante el período de confinamiento estricto de la población, aumentando su número relativo respecto al total de ingresos en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología. Conclusiones: El comportamiento del número de fracturas de cadera durante el confinamiento estricto decretado por la pandemia por COVID-19 no ha sido simétrico en todas las comunidades autónomas. Para diseñar e implementar los planes de contingencia ante una situación de pandemia con adecuada organización de los recursos materiales y de personal, deben ser tenidos en cuenta estos datos.
El procedimiento testigo y la extensión de efectos de sentencias firmes en la jurisdicción civil: obstáculos para su eficacia
(2026) Marcos Francisco, Diana
El Real Decreto-ley 6/2023, de 19 de diciembre, introdujo, entre otras medidas de eficiencia en procesos civiles sobre condiciones generales de la contratación, la del procedimiento testigo y la extensión de efectos de sentencias, pensadas para reducir la litigación en masa (en especial los procedimientos sobre nulidad por abusividad de condiciones generales de la contratación) y la carga de trabajo de los tribunales así como para conseguir una homogeneidad en las respuestas judiciales ante casos sustancialmente idénticos. Sin embargo, transcurridos casi dos años desde su entrada en vigor, dichas figuras apenas están siendo utilizadas en la jurisdicción civil, y lo serán mucho menos si se aprueba en sus términos el Proyecto de Ley de acciones colectivas para la protección y defensa de los derechos e intereses de los consumidores y usuarios. Así las cosas, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los escollos que actualmente pueden estar impidiendo el uso y justificando la ineficacia de dichas medidas, u obstaculizarlo en el futuro. Sólo si identificamos tales obstáculos será posible proponer medidas de lege ferenda para combatirlos -como hacemos en este trabajo- y así poder lograr instituciones realmente eficaces y eficientes, siempre dentro del marco del Derecho de la Unión Europea y la Constitución Española.
Advanced and Careful Hospital Nutrition Reduces Respiratory Assistance and Hospitalization in Patients With COVID‐19: A Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study
(2025-11-02) Vega Bello, María Jesús ; Carrera Juliá, Sandra; Luque, Xandra; Turró Bautista, Ignacio; Navarro Moreno, María Ángeles; Pérez, Teresa; Dulcich, María Eugenia; Manrique, Concepción; Moreno, Mari Luz
Background and Aims: Hospital nutrition is an essential component of the multidisciplinary care of COVID‐19 patients. Malnourished COVID‐19 patients present more symptoms, complications, and require longer hospitalization times. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to study the influence of an advanced and careful hospital nutrition on COVID‐19 patients' evolution and treatment. Methods: One hundred and twenty‐two patients suffering from COVID‐19 and hospitalized in the “Clínica Universidad de Navarra” (CUN) (Madrid) and attended by professionals from the hospital's gastronomy and nutrition area participated in the study. Hospital meals were subjected to advanced culinary techniques such as sous vide cooking, special electrical oven, food marination, and steam and pressure cooking. Clinical, food intake, respiratory assistance, and hospital stay were assessed. Results: COVID‐19 patients present comorbidities and digestive symptoms which impair food intake and adherence to a healthy diet. The use of advanced and careful hospital nutrition using special culinary techniques that maintain the organoleptic characteristics of the meals improves patients' intake, reducing the requirement for respiratory assistance and shortening hospital stay. Conclusion: Advanced hospital nutrition is key in managing patients affected by COVID‐19 because it influences their progression and treatment.
La inspectora Amaia Salazar, una víctima que sufre trastorno por estrés postraumático
(0202-05-14) Ramón García, Emilio Luis
El trauma de la inspectora Salazar presenta diferencias respecto a las secuelas emocionales de otras investigadoras famosas anteriores a ella. Partiendo de estudios de psiquiatría y de victimología, el objetivo del artículo es, por una parte, analizar el papel que juegan el maltrato infantil y la investigación de los crímenes y rituales de una secta satánica en despertar su red de miedos hasta el punto de amenazar su estabilidad psicológica y, por otra parte, mostrar cómo desde su condición de víctima consigue recuperar su capacidad de sentirse capaz de sentirse válida, rehacer su resiliencia y recuperar su equilibrio mental gracias al reconocimiento y a los anclajes psicológicos que importan en su vida.
Comparative evaluation of vertical dimension changes with clear aligners and fixed appliances: A prospective cephalometric cohort study
(2026-04-24) Galán López, Lidia; Guinot Barona, Clara; Sanz-Orrio Soler, Iciar; Laparra-Hernández, Raquel; Garcia-Miralles; García Miralles, Esther; Aura-Tormos, Juan Ignacio
Background: The control of vertical dimension remains a critical aspect of comprehensive orthodontic treatment. This study compared vertical dimensional changes produced by clear aligners (CAs) to those produced by fixed appliances (FAs) during comprehensive orthodontic treatment, assessing whether modern aligner therapy provides comparable vertical control with conventional mechanics. Methods: A prospective cohort of 52 adults (CA group: 26 and FA group: 26) was evaluated. Baseline comparability was confirmed for age, sex, malocclusion type, and skeletal pattern. Standardized lateral cephalograms were obtained before (T 0 ) and after treatment (T 1 ). Cephalometric variables included the SN-GoGn (mandibular plane angle), FMA (Frankfort-mandibular plane angle), N–Me (total anterior facial height), S–Go (posterior facial height), and ANS–Me (lower anterior facial height). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability exceeded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90. Paired and intergroup comparisons were performed (α = 0.05). Results: Both groups exhibited small increases in vertical parameters within physiological limits. In the CA group, the SN- GoGn angle showed a statistically significant but clinically minor increase (<1 ◦ ; P = 0.016). The FA group presented slightly greater increases in SN-GoGn and plane angle FMA (P <0.05), consistent with mild clockwise mandibular rotation. Linear measurements (N–Me, ANS–Me, and S–Go) increased slightly in both groups. Intergroup comparisons (ΔT 1 -T 0 ) revealed no statistically significant differences in any variable (P >0.05), and effect sizes were small (Cohen d <0.30). Conclusions: Vertical dimensional changes associ- ated with CA and FA treatments were minimal and comparable. Under current protocols, CAs provide adequate vertical control in mild-to-moderate malocclusions without inducing clinically relevant mandibular rotation. Further randomized and 3-dimensional studies are warranted to confirm these findings in more complex vertical discrepancies.
Comparison of the Planas Functional Masticatory Angle Across Deciduous, Mixed, and Permanent Dentition Stages: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
(2026-04-07) Torres-Romero, Gema; Guinot Barona, Clara; Galán López, Lidia; Marqués Martínez, Laura; García Miralles, Esther; Aura-Tormos, Juan Ignacio
Background. The Planas Functional Masticatory Angle [PFMA] is a functional parameter describing mandibular trajectory during mastication. Its variation across dentition stages may reflect cross-sectional physiological functional adaptation during growth. Methods. A cross-sectional pilot study recruited 30 patients [10 per group: deciduous, mixed, permanent dentition] from a university dental clinic. PFMA was measured using a standardized intraoral photographic protocol, with intra-examiner reliability assessed [ICC > 0.9]. Molar relationships were classified per Angle’s classification. PFMA differences across dentition stages were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and molar class distributions were evaluated with chi-square tests [p < 0.05]. Results. PFMA values decreased significantly from deciduous [64.7◦ ± 6.9] to mixed [55.5◦ ± 7.8] and permanent dentition [47.2◦ ± 9.8] [ANOVA, p < 0.001]. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between deciduous and permanent stages. No significant right–left PFMA differences were observed. Class I molar relationships predominated [70%], and no significant association was found between PFMA and molar class. Conclusions. This pilot study suggests PFMA decreases with dentition progression, reflecting physiological occlusal adaptation. Class I predominance supports functional symmetry, but PFMA-molar class associations require larger samples. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore the clinical applicability of PFMA as a functional descriptor of masticatory adaptation.
Effectiveness of Distal Shoe Space Maintainers for First Permanent Molar Eruption: A Systematic Review
(2025-12-03) Marqués Martínez, Laura; Esteve-Ferre, Carla; Galán López, Lidia; Aura-Tormos, Juan Ignacio; Guinot Barona, Clara; García Miralles; García Miralles, Esther
Background: Premature loss of the second primary molars can result in arch space loss and later malocclusion. Distal shoe space maintainers (SMs) are used to guide the eruption of the permanent first molars, although their clinical effectiveness remains under-evaluated. Objective: We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and complication profile of distal shoe SMs in paediatric patients following premature loss of second primary molars. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted, with protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251101518). Searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified clinical studies evaluating distal shoe appliances in children aged ≤6 years. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and JBI tools. Results: Six clinical studies comprising 67 patients were included. Overall eruption success was 95.5% (64/67), with minor complications occurring in 25.4% of cases. Modified designs demonstrated fewer complications, although sample size was limited. Due to heterogeneity of methods and outcomes across studies, results are reported as descriptive metrics rather than inferential estimates. Conclusions: Distal shoe space maintainers are effective in promoting eruption of the first permanent molar with an acceptable complication profile. Their success depends heavily on technical execution and case selection. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are required to validate optimal procedural parameters.
A systematic review of the accuracy and efficiency of dental movements with Invisalign®
(2019) Plasencia; Galán López, Lidia; Barcia González, Jorge Miguel; Plasencia Alcina, Eliseo Isaac
We are currently living in an era where the use of computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing has allowed individualized orthodontic treatments, but has also incorporated enhanced digitalized technology that does not permit improvisation. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze publications that assessed the accuracy and efficiency of the Invisalign® system. A systematic review was performed using a search strategy to identify articles that referenced Invisalign®, which were published between August 2007 and August 2017, and listed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and LILACS. Additionally, a manual search of clinical trials was performed in scientific journals and other databases. To rate the methodological quality of the articles, a grading system described by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care was used, in combination with the Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment. We selected 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria and excluded 5 due to excess biases. The level of evidence was high. Although it is possible to treat malocclusions with plastic systems, the results are not as accurate as those achieved by treatment with fixed appliances.
Resilience, Mental Health, and Exposure to Death in Wartime Ukraine
(2026-05-05) Iborra Marmolejo, Isabel; Beneyto Arrojo, María José; Semkiv, Iryna; Zharova, Iryna; Esteve-Rodrigo, José Vicente; Moret Tatay, María del Carmen
War exposure represents a severe stressor associated with increased risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and suicidal ideation. In the current context, the ongoing Russian occupation of Ukraine provides a relevant setting in which to examine these processes. This study analyzes the joint effects of age, suicidal ideation (SI), and exposure to death-related stressors on psychological resilience among civilians residing in Ukraine during the conflict. Using a wartime civilian sample, a moderated moderation model was conducted to test whether the association between age and resilience varies as a function of SI and exposure to death-related events. The analysis revealed a significant three-way interaction. Age was positively associated with resilience only among individuals reporting suicidal ideation who had not been exposed to death-related stressors. In contrast, among individuals who reported both suicidal ideation and exposure to death-related events, age was not significantly associated with resilience. These findings indicate that the relationship between age and resilience is conditional upon both psychological vulnerability and trauma exposure. The results highlight the importance of considering developmental factors and exposure to severe stressors when designing mental health interventions in war-affected populations.

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