Artículos científicos

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12466/19

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Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 y el confinamiento estricto de la población en la incidencia de fractura de cadera en Españaa. Una revisión sistemática
(2023) Miranda Gómez, Ignacio; Ferrás-Tarragó, Joan; Colado, Javier; Sangüesa-Nebot, María José; Doménech, Julio
Antecedentes y objetivo: Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, en España se decretó un confinamiento estricto de la población. Ante una situación de crisis sanitaria y de saturación del sistema sanitario resulta de gran importancia para la correcta gestión de recursos y de procesos el conocimiento de las enfermedades cuyo tratamiento no es demorable. El objetivo fue conocer la influencia de la pandemia por COVID-19y del confinamiento estricto de la población en la incidencia de fractura de cadera en España. Material y método: Revisión sistemática siguiendo las guías PRISMA. Búsqueda en Pubmed y CochraneLibrary el 11/11/2022: hip fracture AND COVID-19 AND Spain. Resultados: Cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 6 estudios, el 50% mostraron un descenso en la incidencia de fracturas de cadera durante el confinamiento estricto (todos en hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid),y en el otro 50% no hubo diferencias (todos en hospitales de otras comunidades autónomas). Es constante que las fracturas de cadera, o no disminuyeron, o disminuyeron mucho menos que el resto de fracturas durante el período de confinamiento estricto de la población, aumentando su número relativo respecto al total de ingresos en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología. Conclusiones: El comportamiento del número de fracturas de cadera durante el confinamiento estricto decretado por la pandemia por COVID-19 no ha sido simétrico en todas las comunidades autónomas. Para diseñar e implementar los planes de contingencia ante una situación de pandemia con adecuada organización de los recursos materiales y de personal, deben ser tenidos en cuenta estos datos.
El procedimiento testigo y la extensión de efectos de sentencias firmes en la jurisdicción civil: obstáculos para su eficacia
(2026) Marcos Francisco, Diana
El Real Decreto-ley 6/2023, de 19 de diciembre, introdujo, entre otras medidas de eficiencia en procesos civiles sobre condiciones generales de la contratación, la del procedimiento testigo y la extensión de efectos de sentencias, pensadas para reducir la litigación en masa (en especial los procedimientos sobre nulidad por abusividad de condiciones generales de la contratación) y la carga de trabajo de los tribunales así como para conseguir una homogeneidad en las respuestas judiciales ante casos sustancialmente idénticos. Sin embargo, transcurridos casi dos años desde su entrada en vigor, dichas figuras apenas están siendo utilizadas en la jurisdicción civil, y lo serán mucho menos si se aprueba en sus términos el Proyecto de Ley de acciones colectivas para la protección y defensa de los derechos e intereses de los consumidores y usuarios. Así las cosas, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los escollos que actualmente pueden estar impidiendo el uso y justificando la ineficacia de dichas medidas, u obstaculizarlo en el futuro. Sólo si identificamos tales obstáculos será posible proponer medidas de lege ferenda para combatirlos -como hacemos en este trabajo- y así poder lograr instituciones realmente eficaces y eficientes, siempre dentro del marco del Derecho de la Unión Europea y la Constitución Española.
Advanced and Careful Hospital Nutrition Reduces Respiratory Assistance and Hospitalization in Patients With COVID‐19: A Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study
(2025-11-02) Vega Bello, María Jesús ; Carrera Juliá, Sandra; Luque, Xandra; Turró Bautista, Ignacio; Navarro Moreno, María Ángeles; Pérez, Teresa; Dulcich, María Eugenia; Manrique, Concepción; Moreno, Mari Luz
Background and Aims: Hospital nutrition is an essential component of the multidisciplinary care of COVID‐19 patients. Malnourished COVID‐19 patients present more symptoms, complications, and require longer hospitalization times. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to study the influence of an advanced and careful hospital nutrition on COVID‐19 patients' evolution and treatment. Methods: One hundred and twenty‐two patients suffering from COVID‐19 and hospitalized in the “Clínica Universidad de Navarra” (CUN) (Madrid) and attended by professionals from the hospital's gastronomy and nutrition area participated in the study. Hospital meals were subjected to advanced culinary techniques such as sous vide cooking, special electrical oven, food marination, and steam and pressure cooking. Clinical, food intake, respiratory assistance, and hospital stay were assessed. Results: COVID‐19 patients present comorbidities and digestive symptoms which impair food intake and adherence to a healthy diet. The use of advanced and careful hospital nutrition using special culinary techniques that maintain the organoleptic characteristics of the meals improves patients' intake, reducing the requirement for respiratory assistance and shortening hospital stay. Conclusion: Advanced hospital nutrition is key in managing patients affected by COVID‐19 because it influences their progression and treatment.
La inspectora Amaia Salazar, una víctima que sufre trastorno por estrés postraumático
(0202-05-14) Ramón García, Emilio Luis
El trauma de la inspectora Salazar presenta diferencias respecto a las secuelas emocionales de otras investigadoras famosas anteriores a ella. Partiendo de estudios de psiquiatría y de victimología, el objetivo del artículo es, por una parte, analizar el papel que juegan el maltrato infantil y la investigación de los crímenes y rituales de una secta satánica en despertar su red de miedos hasta el punto de amenazar su estabilidad psicológica y, por otra parte, mostrar cómo desde su condición de víctima consigue recuperar su capacidad de sentirse capaz de sentirse válida, rehacer su resiliencia y recuperar su equilibrio mental gracias al reconocimiento y a los anclajes psicológicos que importan en su vida.
Comparative evaluation of vertical dimension changes with clear aligners and fixed appliances: A prospective cephalometric cohort study
(2026-04-24) Galán López, Lidia; Guinot Barona, Clara; Sanz-Orrio Soler, Iciar; Laparra-Hernández, Raquel; Garcia-Miralles; García Miralles, Esther; Aura-Tormos, Juan Ignacio
Background: The control of vertical dimension remains a critical aspect of comprehensive orthodontic treatment. This study compared vertical dimensional changes produced by clear aligners (CAs) to those produced by fixed appliances (FAs) during comprehensive orthodontic treatment, assessing whether modern aligner therapy provides comparable vertical control with conventional mechanics. Methods: A prospective cohort of 52 adults (CA group: 26 and FA group: 26) was evaluated. Baseline comparability was confirmed for age, sex, malocclusion type, and skeletal pattern. Standardized lateral cephalograms were obtained before (T 0 ) and after treatment (T 1 ). Cephalometric variables included the SN-GoGn (mandibular plane angle), FMA (Frankfort-mandibular plane angle), N–Me (total anterior facial height), S–Go (posterior facial height), and ANS–Me (lower anterior facial height). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability exceeded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90. Paired and intergroup comparisons were performed (α = 0.05). Results: Both groups exhibited small increases in vertical parameters within physiological limits. In the CA group, the SN- GoGn angle showed a statistically significant but clinically minor increase (<1 ◦ ; P = 0.016). The FA group presented slightly greater increases in SN-GoGn and plane angle FMA (P <0.05), consistent with mild clockwise mandibular rotation. Linear measurements (N–Me, ANS–Me, and S–Go) increased slightly in both groups. Intergroup comparisons (ΔT 1 -T 0 ) revealed no statistically significant differences in any variable (P >0.05), and effect sizes were small (Cohen d <0.30). Conclusions: Vertical dimensional changes associ- ated with CA and FA treatments were minimal and comparable. Under current protocols, CAs provide adequate vertical control in mild-to-moderate malocclusions without inducing clinically relevant mandibular rotation. Further randomized and 3-dimensional studies are warranted to confirm these findings in more complex vertical discrepancies.
Comparison of the Planas Functional Masticatory Angle Across Deciduous, Mixed, and Permanent Dentition Stages: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
(2026-04-07) Torres-Romero, Gema; Guinot Barona, Clara; Galán López, Lidia; Marqués Martínez, Laura; García Miralles, Esther; Aura-Tormos, Juan Ignacio
Background. The Planas Functional Masticatory Angle [PFMA] is a functional parameter describing mandibular trajectory during mastication. Its variation across dentition stages may reflect cross-sectional physiological functional adaptation during growth. Methods. A cross-sectional pilot study recruited 30 patients [10 per group: deciduous, mixed, permanent dentition] from a university dental clinic. PFMA was measured using a standardized intraoral photographic protocol, with intra-examiner reliability assessed [ICC > 0.9]. Molar relationships were classified per Angle’s classification. PFMA differences across dentition stages were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and molar class distributions were evaluated with chi-square tests [p < 0.05]. Results. PFMA values decreased significantly from deciduous [64.7◦ ± 6.9] to mixed [55.5◦ ± 7.8] and permanent dentition [47.2◦ ± 9.8] [ANOVA, p < 0.001]. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between deciduous and permanent stages. No significant right–left PFMA differences were observed. Class I molar relationships predominated [70%], and no significant association was found between PFMA and molar class. Conclusions. This pilot study suggests PFMA decreases with dentition progression, reflecting physiological occlusal adaptation. Class I predominance supports functional symmetry, but PFMA-molar class associations require larger samples. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore the clinical applicability of PFMA as a functional descriptor of masticatory adaptation.
Effectiveness of Distal Shoe Space Maintainers for First Permanent Molar Eruption: A Systematic Review
(2025-12-03) Marqués Martínez, Laura; Esteve-Ferre, Carla; Galán López, Lidia; Aura-Tormos, Juan Ignacio; Guinot Barona, Clara; García Miralles; García Miralles, Esther
Background: Premature loss of the second primary molars can result in arch space loss and later malocclusion. Distal shoe space maintainers (SMs) are used to guide the eruption of the permanent first molars, although their clinical effectiveness remains under-evaluated. Objective: We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and complication profile of distal shoe SMs in paediatric patients following premature loss of second primary molars. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted, with protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251101518). Searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified clinical studies evaluating distal shoe appliances in children aged ≤6 years. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and JBI tools. Results: Six clinical studies comprising 67 patients were included. Overall eruption success was 95.5% (64/67), with minor complications occurring in 25.4% of cases. Modified designs demonstrated fewer complications, although sample size was limited. Due to heterogeneity of methods and outcomes across studies, results are reported as descriptive metrics rather than inferential estimates. Conclusions: Distal shoe space maintainers are effective in promoting eruption of the first permanent molar with an acceptable complication profile. Their success depends heavily on technical execution and case selection. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are required to validate optimal procedural parameters.
A systematic review of the accuracy and efficiency of dental movements with Invisalign®
(2019) Plasencia; Galán López, Lidia; Barcia González, Jorge Miguel; Plasencia Alcina, Eliseo Isaac
We are currently living in an era where the use of computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing has allowed individualized orthodontic treatments, but has also incorporated enhanced digitalized technology that does not permit improvisation. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze publications that assessed the accuracy and efficiency of the Invisalign® system. A systematic review was performed using a search strategy to identify articles that referenced Invisalign®, which were published between August 2007 and August 2017, and listed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and LILACS. Additionally, a manual search of clinical trials was performed in scientific journals and other databases. To rate the methodological quality of the articles, a grading system described by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care was used, in combination with the Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment. We selected 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria and excluded 5 due to excess biases. The level of evidence was high. Although it is possible to treat malocclusions with plastic systems, the results are not as accurate as those achieved by treatment with fixed appliances.
Resilience, Mental Health, and Exposure to Death in Wartime Ukraine
(2026-05-05) Iborra Marmolejo, Isabel; Beneyto Arrojo, María José; Semkiv, Iryna; Zharova, Iryna; Esteve-Rodrigo, José Vicente; Moret Tatay, María del Carmen
War exposure represents a severe stressor associated with increased risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and suicidal ideation. In the current context, the ongoing Russian occupation of Ukraine provides a relevant setting in which to examine these processes. This study analyzes the joint effects of age, suicidal ideation (SI), and exposure to death-related stressors on psychological resilience among civilians residing in Ukraine during the conflict. Using a wartime civilian sample, a moderated moderation model was conducted to test whether the association between age and resilience varies as a function of SI and exposure to death-related events. The analysis revealed a significant three-way interaction. Age was positively associated with resilience only among individuals reporting suicidal ideation who had not been exposed to death-related stressors. In contrast, among individuals who reported both suicidal ideation and exposure to death-related events, age was not significantly associated with resilience. These findings indicate that the relationship between age and resilience is conditional upon both psychological vulnerability and trauma exposure. The results highlight the importance of considering developmental factors and exposure to severe stressors when designing mental health interventions in war-affected populations.
From Trauma to Suicidal Ideation in a Spanish Chronic Pain Population: Cognitive Mediation in the Genesis of Psychological Suffering
(2026-01-15) Moret Tatay, María del Carmen; Beneyto Arrojo, María José; León-Padilla, Miguel Pedro; Mora-Ascó, Juan José
Background: Chronic pain is consistently associated with increased vulnerability to suicidal ideation, particularly among individuals with a history of early adverse experiences. However, the cognitive mechanisms linking childhood trauma to suicidal thoughts in this population remain insufficiently understood. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 251 adults living with chronic pain. Participants completed validated measures assessing childhood trauma, perceived burdensomeness, hopelessness, pain catastrophizing, and suicidal ideation. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine associations among variables, followed by a multiple mediation model to test the mediating role of cognitive processes. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations and robust-estimation mediation procedures implemented in JASP. Results: Childhood trauma showed positive and significant associations with perceived burdensomeness, hopelessness, pain catastrophizing, and suicidal ideation. Mediation analyses showed that perceived burdensomeness, hopelessness, and pain catastrophizing significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation, with small-to-moderate indirect effects. These findings suggest that maladaptive cognitive patterns may partially explain how early adverse experiences are associated with suicidal thoughts in individuals with chronic pain. Conclusions: The results highlight the relevance of considering early adverse experiences and pain-related cognitive processes in the clinical assessment of suicidal ideation among individuals with chronic pain. Further research using longitudinal and multimethod designs is needed to refine explanatory models and guide psychological interventions aimed at reducing vulnerability to suicidal ideation in this population. This study expands existing knowledge by simultaneously examining perceived burdensomeness, hopelessness, and pain catastrophizing as mediators between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation in individuals with chronic pain. These findings contribute to refining trauma-informed clinical approaches and identifying specific intervention targets.
Victim-centered justice through profiling: clustering analysis of parent who suffered abuse
(2026-05-06) Moret Tatay, María del Carmen; Beneyto Arrojo, María José; Iborra Marmolejo, Isabel; Mosquera-Ordoñez, C.; Jiménez-Ribera, A.; Sempere Faus, Silvia
Understanding victimization in the context of parent abuse requires a comprehensive approach that considers the complex interplay of demographic, situational, and psychological factors. This study examines 3,834 administrative records from a victim support system, corresponding to 782 unique cases of parents who suffered violence, to identify distinct victim typologies and inform more effective, victim-centered interventions within the legal system. Drawing on variables such as age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic background, and harm types (physical, psychological, economic, and social), the dataset was analyzed using K-means clustering to uncover latent patterns. A two-cluster solution was selected based on statistical validation, offering both interpretability and strong group separation. Cluster 0, comprising 26.3% of the sample, was characterized by a slightly older average age (mean = 61.3 years) and exhibited a diverse set of vulnerability factors not primarily defined by psychological harm resulting from criminal acts. Members of this cluster showed elevated rates of widowhood (28.6% compared to 17.7% in Cluster 1), suggesting potentially different social support needs. In contrast, Cluster 1, labeled Psychological-Impact Victims, constituted the majority of the sample (73.7%), defined by the presence of psychological harm following criminal incidents, with a lower average age (mean = 58.0 years) and higher rates of separation or divorce (26.9% vs. 19.4%). This binary classification reveals a meaningful distinction in victim experiences of parent who suffered violence. Cluster 0 requires broad social support, while Cluster 1 needs traumainformed psychological care. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions over uniform approaches.
Adaptation and Vulnerability in Chronic Pain: A Study of Profiles Based on Clinical and Psychological Factors
(2025-08-23) Mora-Ascó, Juan José; Moret Tatay, María del Carmen; Jorques Infante, María José; Beneyto Arrojo, María José
Introduction. Chronic pain (CP) is a multidimensional condition that exerts a considerable impact on individuals’ quality of life and presents a wide range of clinical and psychological expressions. This study sought, firstly, to identify distinct clinical profiles among individuals with CP based on clinical indicators, and secondly, to examine the differences in psychological vulnerability and pain-related coping strategies according to the clinical profiles. Methods. A total of 251 adults diagnosed with CP and residing in Spain participated in the study. Participants completed the Purpose in Life Test, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Pain Coping Questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify subgroups within the sample, followed by independent samples t-tests to assess psychological differences between clusters. Results. This study identified two clinical profiles among individuals with CP, distinguished by diagnostic delay, disease progression, and functional impact. Cluster 1 exhibited greater functional impairment, lower quality of life, and higher emotional distress (uncertainty, perceived burdensomeness, emotional dysregulation, and hopelessness). In contrast, Cluster 2 showed lower functional impairment, better quality of life, greater use of distraction strategies, and a higher meaning in life. Discussion. These findings suggest that both medical and psychological aspects appear to be associated with each other and may influence the perception, evolution and adaptation to CP.
Static and Dynamic Motor Control in Active Young Adults: Associations with Oswestry Disability Index and Functional Movement Screen Asymmetries
(2026-05-02) Martín Ruiz, Julio; Chulvi-Medrano, Iván
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, particularly in young adults. Decreased trunk endurance and altered movement patterns have been associated with lumbar symptoms and functional limitations; however, their concurrent relationships in active populations with minimal disability remain insufficiently characterized. This study was designed as an exploratory cross-sectional analytical study. Methods: The sample comprised 71 physically active university students (mean age, ~23 years; 79% men). Trunk endurance was assessed using the McGill isometric tests, and selected movement-pattern measures were obtained from four Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tasks focused on lumbopelvic control. The total FMS score was calculated, asymmetries were recorded in the Inline Lunge and Rotary Stability tasks, and lumbar-related disability was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Associations were analyzed using correlations and adjusted linear regression, and asymmetry-based comparisons were evaluated using non-parametric tests. Results: The average ODI was very low (approximately 4%), suggesting a floor effect. Greater trunk endurance was associated with lower ODI values, whereas the association between total FMS and ODI was weak and did not reach statistical significance in the adjusted model. Inline Lunge asymmetry was associated with higher ODI values, but this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of the very small subgroup size. Conclusions: In this physically active young adult sample, trunk endurance and selected movement-pattern measures provided complementary descriptive information on lumbar-related function; however, the observed associations were modest and should be interpreted cautiously.
Los estereotipos corporales en google images: ¿Cómo se Representan los Deportes de Combate Olímpicos y Paralímpicos?
(2026-04-30) Tamarit Grancha, Ignacio; García Sottile, María Eugenia; Martín Ruiz, Julio; Gallego Cerveró, Clara; Ros Ros, Concepción; Ruiz-Sanchis, Uni
El estudio analiza los estereotipos de género y corporales en los deportes de combate olímpicos mediante la observación de 500 imágenes de Google. Utilizando un enfoque de género, se realizó un análisis descriptivo con pruebas de Chi-Cuadrado y correlación Rho de Spearman (p<.05). Los resultados muestran una mayoría de representaciones de hombres (60,7%), predominantemente caucásicos, adultos y mesomorfos. En contraste, las mujeres aparecen con menor frecuencia, asociadas a perfiles juveniles, somatotipos ectomorfos y con elementos estéticos destacados, lo que refuerza estereotipos tradicionales de feminidad. Estas diferencias se mantienen entre las distintas modalidades deportivas analizadas, evidenciando una relación significativa entre variables como sexo, edad, somatotipo y rasgos biológicos con el tipo de deporte. Se concluye que persisten desigualdades de género en la representación visual de los deportes de combate, reforzadas por los algoritmos de indexación de Google, lo que limita la diversidad y perpetúa roles estereotipados
Prediction of Estimated VO2max in Active University Students Using Field Tests: RockportWalk Test Versus 20-m Shuttle Run
(2026-04-14) Martín Ruiz, Julio
Background/Objectives: To develop and internally validate multiple linear regression models to predict estimated VO2max from anthropometric variables and easily obtainable physical fitness tests in active university students and to compare model performance when estimated VO2max was derived from the RockportWalk Test versus the 20-m Shuttle Run (Course Navette). Methods: Anthropometric variables and physical fitness indicators, including body mass index (BMI), Ruffier index, and burpee repetitions, as well as sex and age, were evaluated. Estimated VO2max was obtained separately from the Rockport Walk Test and the 20-m Shuttle Run using their respective field test equations. For each test, a multiple linear regression model was fitted using the same set of predictors. Model performance was assessed using apparent metrics and internal validation with optimism correction based on repeated cross-validation. Results: The Rockport walk test model showed better predictive performance, explaining 55.2% of the variability in estimated VO2max (R2 = 0.552; adjusted R2 = 0.498) with a lower prediction error (RMSE = 3.54 mL·kg−1·min−1). In contrast, the 20-m shuttle run model showed lower explanatory capacity (R2 = 0.319; adjusted R2 = 0.256) and a substantially higher prediction error (RMSE = 11.93 mL·kg−1·min−1). Internal validation reduced performance in both models, more markedly in the 20-m shuttle run, where the corrected R2 fell to 0.163 and the corrected RMSE increased to 13.18 mL·kg−1·min−1, compared with 0.338 and 4.37 mL·kg−1·min−1 in the Rockport walk test. Conclusions: Estimated VO2max can be predicted pragmatically using low-cost models based on simple variables in a university setting; however, model performance depends on the field test used. The Rockport walk test appears more suitable for prediction using general-purpose predictors, whereas the 20-m shuttle run may require more test-specific predictors and external validation before application beyond the development sample.
AI-Enhanced CLIL for Embodied Learning: Applying the CLPS Framework in Secondary Physical Education
(2026-01-02) Ramírez-Aroca, Cristina; Javadinejad, Arash
This study examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enhance Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) through embodied, multimodal instruction in secondary Physical Education (PE). Drawing on Fernández Fontecha’s Content and Language Processing Sequence (CLPS) model, four AI-supported CLIL modules were designed and partially implemented in a Spanish secondary school. The exploratory, design-based study involved 25 students (aged 13–14) enrolled in second-year secondary education (2° ESO). Data were collected through a student perception survey and structured teacher observations to examine learners’ perceived content understanding, language use, engagement, and embodied participation in AI-supported CLIL tasks. Results indicate high levels of student engagement and positive perceptions of learning, particularly regarding vocabulary use, task comprehension, and the integration of physical movement with language use. Students reported that AI tools such as NaturalReader and Gliglish supported pronunciation practice, comprehension, and interactive language use when embedded within guided CLIL tasks. The findings highlight the pedagogical potential of AI as a mediating scaffold in embodied CLIL contexts, while underscoring the importance of teacher guidance and task design. The study contributes to emerging research on AI-enhanced CLIL by offering empirically grounded insights into the affordances and limitations of integrating AI in Physical Education.
Open field and vitro-derived plants of ‘Cascade’ hop: a comparison through total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of vegetative biomass
(2025) Leto, L.; Agosti, A.; Nazeer, S.; Vecchio, L. Del; Fazio1, A. Di; Guarrasi, V.; Ganino, T.; Juan Vicedo, Jorge; Rolli, E.; Cirlini, M.; Chiancone1, B.
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) stores (both in cones and in the whole vegetative body) valuable bioactive metabolites such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds (i.e. xanthohumol), alkaloids and bitter acids (humulone and lupulone) with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Characterizing hop vegetative biomass, considered a waste, is the first step for its exploitation as source of bioactive compounds, every day more requested by various industrial sectors (pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agri-food, etc.), thus turning a burden into an additional income for growers. Moreover, to guarantee a continuous supply of hop plant materials for stakeholders, in vitro-derived plantlets could be an important solution. With these premises, this study aims at comparing the chemical composition of open field- and vitro-derived hop vegetative biomass, since they synthetize the same bioactive compounds. Specifically, total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AO) of leaves and stems (LS) and only leaves (OL) of hop, ‘Cascade', were measured. Moreover, water alone was tested as only solvent to test the sustainability of the process, in comparison to conventional extractions made with ethanol/water (80/20 v/v). Results showed that the open-field plants have significantly higher TPC and AO (measured by DPPH and FRAP tests) when compared to those from in vitro-derived plants. However, when the LS are taken in consideration, in vitro-derived plants showed statistically higher TPC than those from open field (6.20±0.91 vs 5.74±1.52 mg GAE g-1). Regarding the extraction method, ethanol remains the most efficient solvent, but promising results were obtained also using water, both for the TPC (8.32±1.57 vs 5.73±1.10 mg GAE g-1 respectively) and antioxidant activity. Results reported in this study, although preliminary, are very interesting as they highlight how vitro-derived hop plantlets are a wealth source of bioactive compounds; moreover, to make the extraction process more sustainable, further research are worth to be done to increase the efficiency of water as green solvent
The temporary immersion system as an efficient technique for in vitro propagation of ‘Cascade’ hop
(2025) Gianguzzi, V.; Leto, L.; Agosti, A.; Nazeer, S.; Vecchio, L. Del; Fazio, A. Di; Sottile, F.; Juan Vicedo, Jorge; Rolli, E.; Cirlini, M.; Chiancone, B.
Humulus lupulus L. (hop) is an economically important species whose mass propagation has recently increased, due to the multiple interests that its cultivars present in several fields of application. The in vitro propagation techniques can represent a valid alternative to propagate hop plants on a large scale, and to supply a standard biomass for bioactive compound extraction. In fact, extracts obtained from hop vitro-derived plantlets have antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Temporary immersion system (TIS) allow the plant propagation by alternating immersions of microcuttings in liquid culture medium with dry periods, thus avoiding gas accumulation, through forced ventilation. In this study, the use of TIS (Plantform™ bioreactor) as alternative to solid medium, both in presence or absence of sucrose, was evaluated for in vitro propagation of hop ‘Cascade’, considering its effect on morpho-physiological parameters, on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. At the end of the experiment, results obtained evidenced that microcuttings cultured in Plantform™ bioreactor produced a significantly higher number of shoots (+25.3%), roots (+77.4%), shoot and root elongation (respectively, +26.1 and +58.4%), and relative growth rate index (+2.6 times), when compared to those plants grown in solid medium. The presence of sucrose did not seem to have significantly influenced neither the number of shoots or roots, but it increased the length of both organs (respectively, +45.7 and +33.4%). Different results were obtained regarding the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity; in fact, it seems that plantlets grown in solid medium with sucrose contained significantly higher content of polyphenols and manifested a higher antioxidant activity. The temporary immersion technique has many positive potentials for in vitro propagation; this paper presents preliminary aspects on hops with development prospects for strengthening the production sector.
The Invisible Workout in Sport: A Narrative Review from an Interdisciplinary Perspective
(2025-12-19) Esteve Ibáñez, Héctor; Carrera Juliá, Sandra; Pazos Siri, Rodrigo Martín; Bonora-Lahiguera, Alexandre; Navarro Moreno, María Ángeles; Moreno Sancho, María de la Luz; Drehmer Rieger, Eraci
Several factors-social, academic, occupational, family, and sports-related-shape an athlete’s context and influence performance. These elements, not directly linked to physical training, form what is known as the Invisible Workout or Invisible Training. Although its dimensions have been studied ndividually, there is a lack of comprehensive research addressing this concept as a distinct and actionable space. This narrative review introduces, defines, and positions the Invisible Workout based on scientific evidence, focusing on three key areas: training, psychology, and nutrition. The psychological dimension is especially relevant, as it includes emotional and cognitive aspects of the athlete’s experience. However, the social dimension—encompassing relationships, support ne- tworks, and socio-environmental influences—is more broadly represented in the athlete’s overall context, which serves as the foundation where all dimensions of the Invisible Workout interact. Proper training, assessment, nutrition, hydration, hygiene, and sleep are critical to improving performance and preventing injuries. The review presents a figure illustrating the dimensions of the Invisible Workout, all situated within the athlete’s broader context—since, as demonstrated in our manuscript, this context may hold the key to success. A table of related terms used in recent literature is also included. This work offers practical implications for optimizing training and reducing injury risk through coordinated, context-aware strategies.
Educar jugando y dialogando. Derechos de la infancia, intencionalidad, familia y lenguaje
(2019-10-30) Saneleuterio, Elia; Alonso-Stuyck, Paloma; García-Ramos Gallego, David
El artículo revisa los derechos que contribuyen al alcance de una vida feliz desde la infancia, y se detiene en los elementos clave que procuran la dignidad necesaria para que la felicidad pueda desarrollarse. En primer lugar, la función de la familia en la creación de la identidad y seguridad personales, y también en el establecimiento de las relaciones personales. En segundo lugar, la formación integral de la persona y la educación en el desarrollo del sentido crítico y de la libertad en ejercicio responsable, así como de la capacidad de entender, expresarse y comunicarse para mejorar o superar situaciones problemáticas. Finalmente, el juego, como herramienta básica de disfrute en la infancia, y, al mismo tiempo, de aprendizaje en los dos ámbitos anteriores, en ocasiones complemento único o piedra angular que completa el proceso. El hecho de que los derechos de la infancia estén expresados mediante una convención es un paso fundamental, dado que ello implica la obligatoriedad de su cumplimiento por parte de las entidades responsables, principalmente la familia, ámbito ideal para el desarrollo de los niños y niñas. El acceso al disfrute lúdico, desarrollado en ambientes educativos adecuados, es un derecho inalienable e irrenunciable para aprender el lenguaje de la felicidad, que ninguna persona puede vulnerar y nadie debería desconocer. Promover estilos educativos familiares saludables, sería una manera sencilla de extender al resto de ámbitos sociales escenarios protegidos, donde la infancia creciera con todas las garantías en sana armonía.

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