Síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff. Revisión bibliográfica a propósito de un caso
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García Arce, Sofía
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Perla Muedra, Carlos
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Abstract
El Síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff es la complicación más conocida del sistema
nervioso producida por un déficit de tiamina. Aunque suele aparecer en pacientes
alcohólicos, existen otros procesos que pueden precipitarlo. El diagnóstico es
fundamentalmente clínico, mediante la tríada clásica de encefalopatía, disfunción
oculomotora y ataxia. Ésta solo está presente en un tercio de los pacientes por lo
que frecuentemente pasa desapercibida. Las pruebas de imagen y laboratorio
pueden ayudar a apoyar el diagnóstico y descartar otras causas. El tratamiento es
una urgencia médica y se basa en la administración precoz de tiamina intravenosa,
siendo la buena respuesta a esta de utilidad tanto diagnóstica como terapéutica. El objetivo consiste en comparar un caso clínico con Síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff caracterizado por una lesión atípica: afectación cerebrosa. Se ha realizado una búsqueda en la literatura científica de casos clínicos similares
y poder objetivar si esta afectación es frecuente o no.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is the best-known consequence of thiamine deficiency. It is frequently associated with patients with chronic and excessive alcohol consumption, but it can be produced by other causes. The diagnosis is eminently clinical, based on the classic triad of mental status change, ocular signs and ataxia. The full triad is only present in one-third of the cases, which is usually underdiagnosed. MR imaging and lab tests are used to support the diagnosis and rule other causes. Treatment is a medical emergency, and it is based on the early administration of parenteral thiamine, being the good response to this both diagnostic and therapeutic utility. The main objective of this work is to compare a clinical case diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and an atypical lesion in the cerebellum. A search has been carried out. We analyzed similar clinical cases to be able to objectify whether this affection is common or not.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is the best-known consequence of thiamine deficiency. It is frequently associated with patients with chronic and excessive alcohol consumption, but it can be produced by other causes. The diagnosis is eminently clinical, based on the classic triad of mental status change, ocular signs and ataxia. The full triad is only present in one-third of the cases, which is usually underdiagnosed. MR imaging and lab tests are used to support the diagnosis and rule other causes. Treatment is a medical emergency, and it is based on the early administration of parenteral thiamine, being the good response to this both diagnostic and therapeutic utility. The main objective of this work is to compare a clinical case diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and an atypical lesion in the cerebellum. A search has been carried out. We analyzed similar clinical cases to be able to objectify whether this affection is common or not.


