Estudio sobre biomarcadores moleculares para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica.
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Fornés Pérez, Claudia
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Abstract
La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica o ELA es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa
caracterizada por una degradación gradual de la función de las motoneuronas, lo que
provoca una parálisis muscular progresiva. Actualmente, el diagnóstico de la ELA suele ser
tardío, ya que no hay pruebas diagnósticas específicas ni tampoco tratamiento efectivo, considerándose,
así, una enfermedad neurodegenerativa letal y con una supervivencia limitada.
Por ello, se necesitan estudios que ayuden a la aportación de biomarcadores para el diagnóstico
y el seguimiento de la ELA con tratamientos experimentales. Revisión de la
literatura científica actual acerca de los biomarcadores moleculares de la ELA para el diagnóstico
precoz y seguimiento de la enfermedad, en modelo humano. Revisión
bibliográfica basada en la búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos de gran relevancia (PubMed,
EBSCO, CUIDEN y SciELO). Los resultados obtenidos tras el análisis bibliográfico
muestran diversos biomarcadores para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la ELA, tanto
esporádica como familiar. Estos marcadores seleccionados poseen una alta sensibilidad y
especificidad respondiendo al objetivo planteado. Determinadas moléculas han sido caracterizadas como marcadores diagnósticos característicos de la ELA, pudiendo
ayudar a un diagnóstico precoz y eficaz de la enfermedad.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual degradation of the function of the motor nerve cells, causing progressive muscular paralysis. At present, the diagnosis of ALS is usually delayed because there are no specific diagnostic tests nor is there an effective treatment, so it is considered to be a deadly neurodegenerative disease with limited rate of survival. Therefore, research is needed to help the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis and the follow-up of ALS with experimental treatments. Review of the current scientific literature about the molecular biomarkers in ALS for its early diagnostic and follow-up, in human model. Methodology: Bibliographic review based on the search of information in several relevant databases (Pub- Med, EBSCO, CUIDEN and SciELO). The results obtained after the bibliographic analysis show various biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of both sporadic and familial ALS. These selected markers have a high sensitivity and specificity, thus responding to the proposed objective. Certain molecules have been characterized as diagnostic markers of ALS, being helpful in an early and effective diagnosis of the disease.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual degradation of the function of the motor nerve cells, causing progressive muscular paralysis. At present, the diagnosis of ALS is usually delayed because there are no specific diagnostic tests nor is there an effective treatment, so it is considered to be a deadly neurodegenerative disease with limited rate of survival. Therefore, research is needed to help the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis and the follow-up of ALS with experimental treatments. Review of the current scientific literature about the molecular biomarkers in ALS for its early diagnostic and follow-up, in human model. Methodology: Bibliographic review based on the search of information in several relevant databases (Pub- Med, EBSCO, CUIDEN and SciELO). The results obtained after the bibliographic analysis show various biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of both sporadic and familial ALS. These selected markers have a high sensitivity and specificity, thus responding to the proposed objective. Certain molecules have been characterized as diagnostic markers of ALS, being helpful in an early and effective diagnosis of the disease.


