Beneficios de la terapia asistida con animales en la ansiedad: una revisión sistemática
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Durbán Bronchud, Laura
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Abstract
Los elementos de la naturaleza, como las distintas especies de animales, repercuten de
forma positiva en el ser humano. Durante mucho tiempo los animales han formado parte
del progreso del ser humano, e incluso se les ha involucrado en tratamientos de la salud
mental. La Terapia Asistida con Animales ha ido creciendo gracias a la abundante
investigación empírica que se ha ido desarrollando en los últimos años. En el presente
estudio se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura empírica sobre los
beneficios de la terapia asistida con animales en la ansiedad, siendo este su principal
objetivo, así como determinar diferencias entre la terapia asistida con animales y otros
tratamientos empíricamente validados. Se han analizado un total de 29 estudios después
de realizar la búsqueda en 4 bases de datos (APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Web Of Science y
Scopus), y los resultados obtenidos en todas ellas se han analizado y seleccionado
mediante la herramienta de Rayyan. Los participantes de los estudios seleccionados son
personas con trastorno de estrés postraumático, demencias, discapacidad y personas
hospitalizadas por diversas causas. La metodología para la aplicación de la terapia asistida
con animales es bastante diversa (duración, tipo de animal, etc.) y los animales que con
más frecuencia se involucraron fueron perros y caballos. Tras el análisis de los estudios,
los resultados indican que efectivamente hay una disminución significativa de la
sintomatología de ansiedad. Por ello, se llega a la conclusión de que las terapias asistidas
con animales son una opción terapéutica efectiva en el tratamiento de la ansiedad, sin
embargo, se debe seguir investigando.
The elements of nature, such as different animal species, have a positive impact on human beings. Animals have long been a part of human progress and have even been involved in mental health treatments. Animal-Assisted Therapy has been growing thanks to the abundant empirical research that has been developing in recent years. In this study, a systematic review of empirical literature on the benefits of Animal-Assisted Therapy in anxiety has been conducted, as well as determining differences between Animal-Assisted Therapy and other empirically validated treatments. A total of 29 studies were analyzed after searching 4 databases (APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Web Of Science, and Scopus), and the results obtained from all of them were analyzed and selected using the Rayyan tool. The participants of the selected studies are people with post-traumatic stress disorder, dementia, disability, and people hospitalized for various reasons. The methodology for the application of Animal-Assisted Therapy is quite diverse (duration, type of animal, etc.) and dogs and horses were most frequently involved. After the analysis of the studies, the results indicate that there is indeed a significant decrease in anxiety symptomatology. Therefore, it is concluded that Animal-Assisted Therapies are an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of anxiety, however, further research should be conducted.
The elements of nature, such as different animal species, have a positive impact on human beings. Animals have long been a part of human progress and have even been involved in mental health treatments. Animal-Assisted Therapy has been growing thanks to the abundant empirical research that has been developing in recent years. In this study, a systematic review of empirical literature on the benefits of Animal-Assisted Therapy in anxiety has been conducted, as well as determining differences between Animal-Assisted Therapy and other empirically validated treatments. A total of 29 studies were analyzed after searching 4 databases (APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Web Of Science, and Scopus), and the results obtained from all of them were analyzed and selected using the Rayyan tool. The participants of the selected studies are people with post-traumatic stress disorder, dementia, disability, and people hospitalized for various reasons. The methodology for the application of Animal-Assisted Therapy is quite diverse (duration, type of animal, etc.) and dogs and horses were most frequently involved. After the analysis of the studies, the results indicate that there is indeed a significant decrease in anxiety symptomatology. Therefore, it is concluded that Animal-Assisted Therapies are an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of anxiety, however, further research should be conducted.








