Eficacia de los tratamientos basados en mindfulness para la depresión mayor: análisis de las evidencias científicas
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Sajardo Chaves, Mª Antonia
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Abstract
La Depresión Mayor es la enfermedad mental de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial.
Sigue un curso crónico de recurrencia con tasas altas de repetición, ideación suicida, mayor
comorbilidad con otros trastornos psiquiátricos, y síntomas depresivos residuales. El
tratamiento farmacológico presenta deficientes resultados clínicos por la baja adherencia del
paciente, lo que redunda en alta probabilidad de generar una espiral ascendente de mayor
riesgo de recaída, visitas médicas y tasas de hospitalización.
Junto a la pauta farmacológica se han empleado los tratamientos psicológicos de segunda
generación, pero muchos pacientes no responden a los mismos. Ante ello se han ido
introduciendo Tratamientos de Tercera Generación basados en Mindfulness.
Conocer la eficacia de estos tratamientos frente a la sintomatología depresiva, en la
prevención de recaídas, y sus mecanismos de acción, posibilitaría el desarrollo de pautas de
tratamiento más eficaces. A tal efecto se realiza una revisión sistemática en las principales
bases de datos sobre estudios clínicos y documentos relacionados con el objetivo,
identificándose un total de 73 documentos.
Los resultados avalan la eficacia de los Tratamientos Basados en Mindfulness para la
Depresión Mayor, al reducir significativamente la sintomatología del paciente, apoyando su
inclusión como pauta de tratamiento en el manejo de la misma. Asimismo éstos reducen el
riesgo de recaída/recurrencia en pacientes con episodios depresivos previos, siendo
igualmente eficaces que la medicación de mantenimiento en la prevención de la recaída o la
reducción de los síntomas depresivos residuales, constituyendo así una opción
particularmente viable para los pacientes que deseen suspender la medicación antidepresiva.
Major Depression is the most prevalent mental illness worldwide. It follows a chronic course of recurrence with high recurrence rates, suicidal ideation, increased comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, and residual depressive symptoms. Pharmacological treatment presents deficient clinical results due to low patient adherence, which results in a high probability of generating an upward spiral of greater risk of relapse, medical visits and hospitalization rates. Along with the pharmacological regimen, second-generation psychological treatments have been used, but many patients do not respond to them. Given this, Third Generation Treatments based on Mindfulness have been introduced. Knowing the efficacy of these treatments against depressive symptoms, in the prevention of relapses, and their mechanisms of action, would enable the development of more effective treatment guidelines. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out in the main databases on clinical studies and documents related to the objective, identifying a total of 73 documents. The results support the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Treatments for Major Depression, by significantly reducing the patient's symptoms, supporting its inclusion as a treatment regimen in its management. They also reduce the risk of relapse/recurrence in patients with previous depressive episodes, being equally effective as maintenance medication in preventing relapse or reducing residual depressive symptoms, thus constituting a particularly viable option for patients who wish to discontinue antidepressant medication.
Major Depression is the most prevalent mental illness worldwide. It follows a chronic course of recurrence with high recurrence rates, suicidal ideation, increased comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, and residual depressive symptoms. Pharmacological treatment presents deficient clinical results due to low patient adherence, which results in a high probability of generating an upward spiral of greater risk of relapse, medical visits and hospitalization rates. Along with the pharmacological regimen, second-generation psychological treatments have been used, but many patients do not respond to them. Given this, Third Generation Treatments based on Mindfulness have been introduced. Knowing the efficacy of these treatments against depressive symptoms, in the prevention of relapses, and their mechanisms of action, would enable the development of more effective treatment guidelines. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out in the main databases on clinical studies and documents related to the objective, identifying a total of 73 documents. The results support the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Treatments for Major Depression, by significantly reducing the patient's symptoms, supporting its inclusion as a treatment regimen in its management. They also reduce the risk of relapse/recurrence in patients with previous depressive episodes, being equally effective as maintenance medication in preventing relapse or reducing residual depressive symptoms, thus constituting a particularly viable option for patients who wish to discontinue antidepressant medication.



