Herpes labial. Tratamiento con aciclovir o terapia fotodinámica ¿Cómo influyen en la recurrencia de dichas lesiones?. Revisión sistemática
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Rivadeneira Churta, Angy Lizeth
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Abstract
Según la organización mundial de la salud (OMS) se estima que hoy en día hay
aproximadamente 3.700 millones de personas de menos de 50 años (67%) con
infección por el virus del Herpes simple tipo 1 (VHS-1), adquiriéndose
mayoritariamente durante la infancia. Este tipo de virus causa habitualmente
Herpes orofacial, manifestándose como gingivoestomatitis herpética en una
primoinfección y posteriormente, como Herpes labial o intraoral en lesiones
recurrentes. Este patógeno, una vez entra en el cuerpo humano, causa latencia en
el ganglio de Gasser. Se activa ante determinados estímulos internos o externos
que desencadenan en una primera fase, síntomas prodrómicos, que
posteriormente se evidencian como vesículas con un contenido amarillento que
rompen con facilidad. Cursa con dolor, inflamación y repetidos brotes a lo largo del
tiempo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar, a través de la literatura, si
algunos de los tratamientos más utilizados hoy en día como lo son el Aciclovir y la
Terapia Fotodinámica (TFD), favorecen la prevención de dichas recurrencias
durante largos periodos de tiempo. Para ello, se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas
en diferentes bases de datos, obteniéndose en los estudios variabilidad de
resultados que evaluaban parámetros como el dolor, el tiempo de exposición y
cicatrización de las lesiones. Ambas técnicas terapéuticas presentan efectividad en
el tratamiento de los síntomas, pero no en la prevención de los brotes. No obstante,
la TFD que es un método poco invasivo y selectivo, aunque no prevenga las
recurrencias en el curso de esta enfermedad, parece ser que sí las reduce
significativamente.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that today there are approximately 3,700 million people under 50 years of age (67%) with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, mostly acquired during the childhood. This type of virus usually causes orofacial herpes, manifesting as herpetic gingivostomatitis in a primary infection and later, as labial or intraoral herpes in recurrent lesions. This pathogen, once it enters the human body, causes latency in the Gasserian ganglion. It is activated by certain internal or external stimuli that trigger prodromal symptoms in the first phase, which later become evident as vesicles with yellowish content that break easily. It presents with pain, inflammation and repeated flare-ups over time. The objective of this work is to review, through the literature, if some of the most used treatments today, such as Aciclovir and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), favor the prevention of such recurrences for long periods of time. For this, bibliographic searches were carried out in different databases, obtaining variability of results in the studies that evaluated parameters such as pain, exposure time and healing of the lesions. Both therapeutic techniques are effective in treating symptoms, but not in preventing outbreaks. However, PDT, which is a minimally invasive and selective method, although it does not prevent recurrences in the course of this disease, seems to reduce them significantly.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that today there are approximately 3,700 million people under 50 years of age (67%) with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, mostly acquired during the childhood. This type of virus usually causes orofacial herpes, manifesting as herpetic gingivostomatitis in a primary infection and later, as labial or intraoral herpes in recurrent lesions. This pathogen, once it enters the human body, causes latency in the Gasserian ganglion. It is activated by certain internal or external stimuli that trigger prodromal symptoms in the first phase, which later become evident as vesicles with yellowish content that break easily. It presents with pain, inflammation and repeated flare-ups over time. The objective of this work is to review, through the literature, if some of the most used treatments today, such as Aciclovir and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), favor the prevention of such recurrences for long periods of time. For this, bibliographic searches were carried out in different databases, obtaining variability of results in the studies that evaluated parameters such as pain, exposure time and healing of the lesions. Both therapeutic techniques are effective in treating symptoms, but not in preventing outbreaks. However, PDT, which is a minimally invasive and selective method, although it does not prevent recurrences in the course of this disease, seems to reduce them significantly.



