Características metabolómicas y hormonales del efecto combinado de bioestimulante, PGPB y micorrizas sobre tomate (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom)
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Trigueros Orozco, Sara
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Abstract
La agricultura global está siendo amenazada por acontecimientos climáticos extremos
como altas temperaturas, sequías e inundaciones que están dañando los cultivos y
reduciendo la producción de alimentos. Entre los factores que limitan la productividad,
la salinidad es considerada uno de los estreses abióticos más importantes al afectar al
crecimiento, la productividad y el rendimiento de los cultivos, provocando un creciente
interés por el uso de bioestimulantes como alternativas. Los bioestimulantes son
insumos agrícolas de origen natural y pueden mejorar el rendimiento de los cultivos en
condiciones de estrés. El objetivo de este proyecto fue evaluar el efecto de un formulado
de bioestimulantes en combinación con bacterias promotoras del crecimiento y de
hongos micorrízicos con el fin de detectar posibles efectos sinérgicos mediante el
análisis de metabolitos primarios y hormonas.
En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis metabólico y hormonal de plantas de tomate
Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom tratadas con bioestimulantes (microbianos y no
microbianos y su combinación) sometidas a estrés salino.
Al realizar el análisis metabolómico se observó que hay varios metabolitos comunes
tanto en raíz como en hoja como el GABA, la prolina, el ácido aspártico, varios
carbohidratos y el mioinositol. En raíz, el ácido nicotínico sobresalió en aquellos
tratamientos con hongo micorrízico arbuscular, con bacteria promotora del crecimiento
y con la combinación del bioestimulante con ambos microorganismos
independientemente en condiciones estresantes. En el análisis hormonal destacó
principalmente la concentración de ácido abscísico, poliamina tanto en hoja como en
raíz.
Este trabajo concluye que la utilización de bioestimulantes en tomate sometidas a estrés
salino tiene un efecto en la regulación metabólica y hormonal, favoreciendo la
acumulación de productos que amortiguan los efectos del estrés abiótico.
Global agriculture is compromised by extreme environmental events such as high temperatures, droughts and floods that are damaging crops and reducing food production. Among the factors limiting agricultural yield, salinity is considered one of the most important abiotic stresses by affecting crop growth, development, and yield. This has generated a growing interest in the use of biostimulants as a way of counteracting salt stress. Biostimulants are agricultural inputs of natural origin able to improve crop performance under stress conditions. The objective of the current work is to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant formulation in combination with growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi in order to, detect possible synergistic effects by analyzing primary metabolites and hormones. We have performed a metabolomics and hormonal analysis of the tomato Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom treated with bioestimulants –microbial, non-microbial and their combination- under salinity stress. Metabolomic analysis has shown that there are several common metabolites in both root and leaf, such as GABA, proline, aspartic acid, several carbohydrates and myoinositol. In the root, nicotinic acid predominates in the treatments with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, with growth-promoting bacteria and with or without biostimulant independently of stress conditions. In the hormonal analysis, the concentration of abscisic acid, polyamine and salicylic acid in leaves and roots was the most important. As a conclusion, the use of bioestimulants in tomato under salinity stress regulates the metabolomic and hormonal effect, supporting the role of the assayed formulation as a good tool for farmers against abiotic stress.
Global agriculture is compromised by extreme environmental events such as high temperatures, droughts and floods that are damaging crops and reducing food production. Among the factors limiting agricultural yield, salinity is considered one of the most important abiotic stresses by affecting crop growth, development, and yield. This has generated a growing interest in the use of biostimulants as a way of counteracting salt stress. Biostimulants are agricultural inputs of natural origin able to improve crop performance under stress conditions. The objective of the current work is to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant formulation in combination with growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi in order to, detect possible synergistic effects by analyzing primary metabolites and hormones. We have performed a metabolomics and hormonal analysis of the tomato Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom treated with bioestimulants –microbial, non-microbial and their combination- under salinity stress. Metabolomic analysis has shown that there are several common metabolites in both root and leaf, such as GABA, proline, aspartic acid, several carbohydrates and myoinositol. In the root, nicotinic acid predominates in the treatments with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, with growth-promoting bacteria and with or without biostimulant independently of stress conditions. In the hormonal analysis, the concentration of abscisic acid, polyamine and salicylic acid in leaves and roots was the most important. As a conclusion, the use of bioestimulants in tomato under salinity stress regulates the metabolomic and hormonal effect, supporting the role of the assayed formulation as a good tool for farmers against abiotic stress.







