Reconstrucción hipofaríngea: colgajo supraclavivular tras faringolaringuectomía total circular
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Espeso Niclós, Iñaki
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Brotons Durbán, Simón
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Abstract
La hipofaringe se corresponde con la encrucijada aerodigestiva y los tumores que
asientan en esta zona requieren su reconstrucción para que el paciente pueda
mantener la deglución.
Ocasionalmente, la extensión tumoral implica la resección circunferencial de la
hipofaringe, con lo que se pierde por completo la continuidad del tubo faríngeo
desde la base de la lengua hasta el esófago, con las consecuencias a largo plazo
que este hecho puede suponer, tanto a nivel metabólico como a nivel de
complicaciones locales.
La reconstrucción de la hipofaringe es obligada en estos casos y supone un reto
técnico para la cirugía de cabeza y cuello por el riesgo principal de fístula faríngea
y mediastinitis que pueden presentarse en el postoperatorio. Para este fin se han
postulado muchos tipos de colgajos tanto pediculizados como libres
microvasculares. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en la utilización de un colgajo
pediculizado regional de piel de hombro basado en la arteria supraclavicular.
Los resultados se basan en el análisis de la técnica quirúrgica y sus limitaciones,
así como la evolución postoperatoria de nueve pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer
de hipofaringe en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del IVO operados con una
faringolaringuectomía total circular en uno o dos tiempos con posterior
reconstrucción del defecto con colgajo supraclavicular entre los años 2018 y 2022.
En el trabajo puede concluirse que el colgajo pediculado supraclavicular se
presenta como una alternativa válida a la reconstrucción de hipofaringe frente a
otros colgajos pediculados en pacientes en los que no es posible realizar una
reconstrucción microvascular.
The hypopharynx corresponds to the aerodigestive crossroads and the tumors that settle in this area require its reconstruction so that the patient can maintain swallowing. Occasionally, tumor extension involves circumferential resection of the hypopharynx, thereby completely losing the continuity of the pharyngeal tube from the base of the tongue to the esophagus, with the long-term consequences that this fact may entail, both at the metabolic and at the of local complications. Reconstruction of the hypopharynx is mandatory in these cases and is a technical challenge for head and neck surgery, due to the main risk of pharyngeal fistula and mediastinitis that may occur in the postoperative period. For this purpose, many types of flaps have been postulated, both pedicle and free microvascular. We present our experience in the use of a pedicle regional shoulder skin flap based on the supraclavicular artery. The results are based on the analysis of the surgical technique and its limitations, as well as the postoperative evolution of nine patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal cancer in the otorhinolaryngology service of the IVO Hospital operated with a total circular pharyngolaryngectomy in one or two stages with subsequent reconstruction of the defect with supraclavicular flap between the years 2018 and 2022. In the work it can be concluded that the supraclavicular pedicle flap is presented as a valid alternative to hypopharyngeal reconstruction compared to other pedicle flaps in patients in whom it is not possible to perform a microvascular reconstruction.
The hypopharynx corresponds to the aerodigestive crossroads and the tumors that settle in this area require its reconstruction so that the patient can maintain swallowing. Occasionally, tumor extension involves circumferential resection of the hypopharynx, thereby completely losing the continuity of the pharyngeal tube from the base of the tongue to the esophagus, with the long-term consequences that this fact may entail, both at the metabolic and at the of local complications. Reconstruction of the hypopharynx is mandatory in these cases and is a technical challenge for head and neck surgery, due to the main risk of pharyngeal fistula and mediastinitis that may occur in the postoperative period. For this purpose, many types of flaps have been postulated, both pedicle and free microvascular. We present our experience in the use of a pedicle regional shoulder skin flap based on the supraclavicular artery. The results are based on the analysis of the surgical technique and its limitations, as well as the postoperative evolution of nine patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal cancer in the otorhinolaryngology service of the IVO Hospital operated with a total circular pharyngolaryngectomy in one or two stages with subsequent reconstruction of the defect with supraclavicular flap between the years 2018 and 2022. In the work it can be concluded that the supraclavicular pedicle flap is presented as a valid alternative to hypopharyngeal reconstruction compared to other pedicle flaps in patients in whom it is not possible to perform a microvascular reconstruction.


