Crisis hipercalcémica aguda en hiperparatiroidismo primario. Revisión Bibliográfica a propósito de 5 casos clínicos
Loading...
Identifiers
Publication date
Authors
Santamaría Boado, Martín
Advisors/Tutors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Share
Abstract
Introducción: La crisis hipercalcemia es un emergencia endocrina caracterizada por una
calcemia superior a 14 mg/dl causada, en la mayoría de los casos, por un HPTP subyacente. El
acúmulo de calcio puede dar lugar un fallo multisistémico afectando a aquellos órganos más
sensibles. Debido a la severidad y a la inespecificidad clínica con la que se presenta, es necesario
un alto índice de sospecha para establecer un tratamiento sin demora. El tratamiento curativo es
la paratiroidectomía con medición intraoperatoria de la PTH, una vez estabilizado el paciente
mediante medidas farmacológicas intensivas.
Objetivos: Presentar 5 casos clínicos de pacientes afectos de una crisis hipercalcémica
por HPTP junto a una revisión bibliográfica, evaluando las características clínico-patológicas,
así como los aspectos más controvertidos.
Material y métodos: Se presentan 5 casos clínicos obtenidos del Hospital General
Universitario de Valencia, junto a una revisión bibliográfica de estudios publicados en la base
de datos PubMed, siguiendo una estrategia de búsqueda y valorando los criterios de inclusión y
exclusión.
Casos Clínicos: Son 5 casos formados por cuatro mujeres y un hombre, con criterios de
crisis hipercalcémica secundaria a HPTP. Tres pacientes respondieron al tratamiento médico y
se solucionaron finalmente con paratiroidectomía diferida curativa. Dos pacientes no pudieron
estabilizarse con tratamiento médico (fluidoterapia, furosemida, bisfosfonatos, calcitonina,
cinacalcet, hemodiálisis) y precisaron cirugía urgente durante el ingreso. Un paciente falleció al
complicarse con un síndrome de distres respiratorio del adulto, tromboembolismo pulmonar,
ictus isquémico cortico-subcortical y hemorragia en hemisferio cerebeloso izquierdo.
Conclusiones: La crisis hipercalcémica por hiperparatiroidismo primario es una
emergencia endocrina potencialmente mortal que exige un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. La
hipomagnesemia podría predecir la gravedad de un HPTP. Cuando no es posible estabilizar al
paciente mediante tratamiento médico (fluidoterapia, bifosfonatos, calcitonina, cinacalcet, hemodiálisis y denosumab) puede ser necesaria la paratiroidectomía urgente. Tras el diagnóstico
de localización (ecografía, gammagrafía con Sestamibi, SPECT/TAC, TAC 4D o RM) se realiza
la paratiroidectomía con determinación intraoperatoria de PTH. El SDRA es una complicación
muy rara de una crisis hipercalcémica.
Introduction: Hypercalcemia crisis is an endocrine emergency characterized by a calcemia higher than 14 mg/dl caused, in most cases, by an underlying HPTP. Calcium accumulation can lead to multisystem failure affecting the most sensitive organs. Because of the severity and unspecified clinic with which it presents, a high index of suspicion is necessary to establish treatment without delay. The curative treatment is parathyroidectomy with intraoperative PTH measurement, once the patient is stabilized by intensive pharmacological measures. Objectives: To present 5 clinical cases of patients affected by a hypercalcemic crisis due to PTH, together with a bibliographic review, evaluating the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the most controversial aspects. Material and methods: We present 5 clinical cases obtained from the Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, together with a bibliographic review of studies published in the PubMed database, following a search strategy and evaluating the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical Cases: There are 5 cases consisting of four women and one man, with criteria of hypercalcemic crisis secondary to PTH. Three patients responded to medical treatment and finally resolved with curative delayed parathyroidectomy. Two patients could not be stabilized with medical treatment (fluid therapy, furosemide, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, cinacalcet, hemodialysis) and required urgent surgery during admission. One patient died due to complications of adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, corticosubcortical ischemic stroke and hemorrhage in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Conclusions: Hypercalcemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism is a lifethreatening endocrine emergency that requires early diagnosis and treatment. Hypomagnesemia could predict the severity of HPTP. When it is not possible to stabilize the patient by medical treatment (fluid therapy, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, cinacalcet, hemodialysis and denosumab) urgent parathyroidectomy may be necessary. After localization diagnosis (ultrasound, Sestamibi scintigraphy, SPECT/CT, 4D CT or MRI), parathyroidectomy is performed with intraoperative PTH determination. ARDS is a very rare complication of a hypercalcemic crisis.
Introduction: Hypercalcemia crisis is an endocrine emergency characterized by a calcemia higher than 14 mg/dl caused, in most cases, by an underlying HPTP. Calcium accumulation can lead to multisystem failure affecting the most sensitive organs. Because of the severity and unspecified clinic with which it presents, a high index of suspicion is necessary to establish treatment without delay. The curative treatment is parathyroidectomy with intraoperative PTH measurement, once the patient is stabilized by intensive pharmacological measures. Objectives: To present 5 clinical cases of patients affected by a hypercalcemic crisis due to PTH, together with a bibliographic review, evaluating the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the most controversial aspects. Material and methods: We present 5 clinical cases obtained from the Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, together with a bibliographic review of studies published in the PubMed database, following a search strategy and evaluating the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical Cases: There are 5 cases consisting of four women and one man, with criteria of hypercalcemic crisis secondary to PTH. Three patients responded to medical treatment and finally resolved with curative delayed parathyroidectomy. Two patients could not be stabilized with medical treatment (fluid therapy, furosemide, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, cinacalcet, hemodialysis) and required urgent surgery during admission. One patient died due to complications of adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, corticosubcortical ischemic stroke and hemorrhage in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Conclusions: Hypercalcemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism is a lifethreatening endocrine emergency that requires early diagnosis and treatment. Hypomagnesemia could predict the severity of HPTP. When it is not possible to stabilize the patient by medical treatment (fluid therapy, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, cinacalcet, hemodialysis and denosumab) urgent parathyroidectomy may be necessary. After localization diagnosis (ultrasound, Sestamibi scintigraphy, SPECT/CT, 4D CT or MRI), parathyroidectomy is performed with intraoperative PTH determination. ARDS is a very rare complication of a hypercalcemic crisis.




