Optimización del protocolo de congelación del semen de caprino: efectos sobre la calidad in vitro
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Martín Montalbán, Rosario
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Abstract
La inseminación artificial (IA) es una técnica de reproducción asistida empleada en
programas de mejora genética del ganado. En ella, se utiliza semen refrigerado o
congelado. El plasma seminal de la especie caprina contiene enzimas que metabolizan
algunos componentes de los diluyentes seminales, dando lugar a metabolitos tóxicos
que afectan a la calidad espermática. Por ello, se recomienda la eliminación del plasma
seminal en los protocolos de congelación del semen de esta especie. Así pues, el
objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del plasma seminal sobre la calidad
espermática tras el proceso de congelación y descongelación en semen de caprino.
En este proyecto se analizaron 15 eyaculados de 10 machos de raza Murciano Granadina y se realizó un análisis de la calidad seminal in vitro tanto en semen fresco
como descongelado. Para ello, se utilizaron el sistema CASA y la técnica de citometría
de flujo. Se realizaron dos experimentos, en el primero se estudió el efecto del plasma
seminal sobre la calidad in vitro de los espermatozoides de caprino tras la
descongelación y en el segundo se estudió el efecto del plasma seminal en las distintas
etapas del protocolo de congelación, previas a la propia congelación.
Tras analizar los resultados, se observó que la calidad espermática disminuía en las
muestras procesadas con plasma seminal tras el proceso de congelación descongelación. En el segundo experimento se observó que la calidad de las muestras
procesadas con plasma seminal disminuía drásticamente tras la etapa de adición del
glicerol, aunque el tamaño muestral fue muy pequeño.
Por tanto, el plasma seminal es perjudicial para la congelación del semen en la especie
caprina y los daños ya se observan antes de la congelación, en concreto, tras la adición
del glicerol, aunque esto debe corroborarse en el futuro mediante el procesado de un
mayor número de muestras.
Artificial insemination (AI) is an assisted reproductive technique used in livestock breeding programs. Refrigerated or frozen semen are used in AI. The seminal plasma (SP) from goat bucks contains enzymes that metabolize some components of the semen extenders giving rise to toxic metabolites that affect sperm quality. Therefore, the elimination of SP is recommended in the sperm freezing protocols of this species. Thus, the objective of the project was to study the effect of SP on sperm quality after the freezing and thawing process in goat semen. In this project, 15 ejaculates from 10 males of the Murciano-Granadina breed were used and seminal in vitro quality in both fresh and thawed semen was analyzed by CASA system and flow cytometry. Two experiments were carried out: in the first experiment, the effect of SP on the in vitro quality of goat sperm after thawing was studied while in the second experiment the effect of SP in the different stages of the freezing protocol, prior to the freeze itself, was determined. The results showed that the sperm quality decreased in the samples processed with SP after the freeze-thaw process. In the second experiment, it was observed that the quality of the samples processed with SP decreased dramatically after the glycerol addition step, although the sample size was very small. Therefore, seminal plasma is harmful to the freezing of semen in the goat species and the damages are already observed before freezing, specifically, after the glycerol addition, although this should be corroborated in the future by the analysis of greater number of samples.
Artificial insemination (AI) is an assisted reproductive technique used in livestock breeding programs. Refrigerated or frozen semen are used in AI. The seminal plasma (SP) from goat bucks contains enzymes that metabolize some components of the semen extenders giving rise to toxic metabolites that affect sperm quality. Therefore, the elimination of SP is recommended in the sperm freezing protocols of this species. Thus, the objective of the project was to study the effect of SP on sperm quality after the freezing and thawing process in goat semen. In this project, 15 ejaculates from 10 males of the Murciano-Granadina breed were used and seminal in vitro quality in both fresh and thawed semen was analyzed by CASA system and flow cytometry. Two experiments were carried out: in the first experiment, the effect of SP on the in vitro quality of goat sperm after thawing was studied while in the second experiment the effect of SP in the different stages of the freezing protocol, prior to the freeze itself, was determined. The results showed that the sperm quality decreased in the samples processed with SP after the freeze-thaw process. In the second experiment, it was observed that the quality of the samples processed with SP decreased dramatically after the glycerol addition step, although the sample size was very small. Therefore, seminal plasma is harmful to the freezing of semen in the goat species and the damages are already observed before freezing, specifically, after the glycerol addition, although this should be corroborated in the future by the analysis of greater number of samples.





